人桥本甲状腺炎甲状腺组织中miRNAs表达谱的差异性分析

目的：桥本甲状腺炎是一种自身免疫性甲状腺疾病，且其发病率呈逐年上升趋势，在医疗实践中，HT 被认为是原发性甲状腺 功能减退最常见的原因，同时较易发生甲状腺癌和淋巴瘤。另外，HT 缺乏早期诊断标准，临床上发病隐匿且表现多样，病人多不 易察觉而延误治疗。本文旨在应用microRNA 芯片技术系统筛查HT病变甲状腺组织，以此研究并揭示其HT 的miRNA 表达谱 变化。方法：本研究首先采用microRNA芯片技术，对正常甲状腺组织及桥本甲状腺炎甲状腺组织中microRNA 的表达进行比较， 筛选桥本甲状腺炎中差异性表达的miRNAs。结果：与正常甲状腺相比，在桥本甲状腺炎及其合并甲状腺乳头状癌的一侧桥本甲 状腺炎中分别有39 个和25 个miRNAs 分子发生了差异性表达（P<0.05），比较2 组中共有的miRNAs 发现，miR-142-3p、 miR-338-3p、miR-454、miR-146a、miR-29b-1*、miR-150、miR-223 表达上调，miR-654-5p、miR-601、miR-198、miR-1226* 表达下调 （log2 FC≥ 2，P＜0.05）；而miR-142-5p 在原发性桥本甲状腺炎中表达显著性升高近8 倍（log2 FC=7.959，P＜0.01）。结论：我们通 过microRNA芯片，首次直接系统筛查了桥本甲状腺炎病变组织相关miRNA 表达谱，总体上初步掌握了与正常甲状腺相比，桥 本甲状腺炎及合并甲状腺乳头状癌时其miRNA 表达谱的变化情况，为我们后续的研究提供了方向与基础。     

康复运动对冠脉支架植入术后患者相关因素的影响

目的：研究心脏康复运动对冠脉支架植入术后患者血脂、血糖、体重指数及生活质量的影响。方法：对实施冠脉支架植入术的 146例患者进行比较分析，根据随机原则分为试验组76 例及对照组70 例。对照组患者给予常规的健康教育及冠心病二级预防指 导，给予定期随访。试验组患者在此基础上给予规律的康复运动指导。经过6 个月随访，比较两组患者血脂、HbA1C、体重指数及 生活质量情况。结果：试验组患者通过为期6 个月的规律的心脏康复运动指导，其血脂、HbA1C等冠心病危险因素控制情况优于 对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时，6个月后，试验组康复运动六月后sF 量表各项评分与对照组同期比较，差异均有统计 学意义(P<0.05)。结论：规范的心脏康复运动指导能够有效改善冠脉支架植入术后患者血脂、血糖情况，提高患者生活质量。     

Isolation,Culture and Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons From Embryonic Rodent Brains

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s diseae. Study of the biological processes involved in physiological functions and vulnerability and death of these neurons is imparative to understanding the underlying causes and unraveling the cure for this common neurodegenerative disorder. Primary cultures of mesDA neurons provide a tool for investigation of the molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological properties, in order to understand the development, long-term survival and degeneration of these neurons during the course of disease. Here we present a detailed method for the isolation, culturing and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from E12.5 mouse (or E14.5 rat) embryos. Optimized cell culture conditions in this protocol result in presence of axonal and dendritic projections, synaptic connections and other neuronal morphological properties, which make the cultures suitable for study of the physiological, cell biological and molecular characteristics of this neuronal population.     

Simultaneous Comparisons of Multiple Treatments to Two (or More) Control

DUNNETT (1955) developed a procedure simultaneously comparing k treatments to one control with an exact overall type I error of α when all sampling distributions are normal. Sometimes it is desirable to compare k treatments to m≧2 controls, in particular to two controls. For instance, several new therapies (e.g., pain relievers) could be compared to two standard therapies (e.g., Aspirin and Tylenol). Alternatively, a standard therapy could be very expensive, difficult to apply and/or have bad side effects, making it useful to compare each new therapy to both standard therapy and no therapy (Placebo). Dunnett's method is expanded here to give comparisons of mean values for k treatments to mean values for m≧2 controls at an exact overall type I error of α when all sampling distributions are normal. Tabled values needed to make exact simultaneous comparisons at α = .05 are given for m = 2. An application is made to an example from the literature.     

Studies on the frequency and associations of equine leucocyte antigens in sarcoid and summer dermatitis

The equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) types and the clinical diagnosis for equine sarcoid and summer dermatitis were evaluated in 2026 horses representing five breeds. Data were analysed in unrelated animals and in family material. In the case of equine sarcoid, a strong association was observed between the ELA class II DW13 antigen and its effect on Swiss (cP < 0·001), French (cP < 0·0001) and Irish (cP < 0·01) Warmblood horses. The class I antigen A3 occurred more frequently in sarcoid-affected French horses (cP < 0·001). These results confirm our earlier findings (Gerber et al. 1988). Among Freiberger horses, which lack the ELA DW13 and A3 specificities, a breed-specific class I antigen, ABe108, displayed an increased frequency (cP < 0·05) in the affected group. Among Arabian horses, a tendency for increased frequency of the A1 antigen was observed in the affected animals, but the number of affected horses is too small for statistical significance. The Mendelian segregation in diseased half-siblings by ELA DW13 heterozygous stallions showed a strong association (P < 0·0001) between the inherited DW13 antigen and susceptibility to the sarcoid effect. In the case of summer dermatitis, previously published data (Marti et al. 1992) have been extended. The ELA types in four multiple-case families, founded by the same stallion, were analysed for an association with the effect of sarcoid. Eight out of nine ELA-typed affected offspring inherited the paternal haplotype A15, DW23 in contrast to nonaffected offspring where three out of 12 displayed these antigens (P < 0·005). Moreover, the ELA haplotypes of 11 out of 12 informative affected half-siblings sired by another stallion inherited the paternal haplotype A3, W12, DW23 (P < 0·05). Our findings demonstrate statistically significant associations between certain ELA antigens and two equine diseases. It is still unknown if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules themselves or another linked gene(s) play a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.